Re: Any tweaks to speed up games under XP?

From: Jimmy S. (Private)
Date: 03/14/04 

Date: Sun, 14 Mar 2004 14:08:47 -0500

I've seen that happen with some games where the game creates
a .ini for it's input and output devices. One game that comes to
mind is CFS which requires you to run a config utility whenever
you make changes such as upgrading your video card / driver. 

-- 
Cheers,                                 Windows XP MVP Shell / User
Jimmy S.                               http://mvp.support.microsoft.com
Game FAQs: http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=FH;[LN];gms
Visit my Zone.com / Gaming Helpsite: http://nibblesnbits.tk or Call / Contact
MS Support at: http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=sz;en-us;top
My advice is donated "AS IS" without warranty;  nor do I confer any rights.
_________________________________________________________
"pjp" <pjp_is_located_at_@_hotmail_._com> wrote in message news:%23vLgfbfCEHA.3132@TK2MSFTNGP11.phx.gbl...
| "If you're using the same folder on a common partition for program
| installation and playing the games on XP and Win98SE attempting to use the
| same files - don't.  Just that simple."
|
| I think you're wrong in considering this so much a no-no. Please elaborate
| specific problem as it's my understanding (from 20 years programming
| experience) unless there's OS feature specific files involved, the whole
| point of the Windows API is so that one can write software that'll run
| unchanged under any of MS's 32 bit OS's.
|
| Basically assuming the game doesn't actually "demand" existing registry
| entries before it'll run and assuming it doesn't install dll's etc. anywhere
| but it's own installed folder, what's the problem? I'm not aware of anything
| amiss with this as it's all still code for the Windows 32 bit API and DX
| calls etc. are all the same across OS's.
|
| Obviously anything that makes use of features only found under XP etc. will
| have problems but games (thankfully) still state "For 98...XP" and I've yet
| to see one has different installed files depending on OS.
|
| Windows 98SE on C:
| Windows XP Pro on D:
|
| I install all games into a folder named " D:\More Games\'gamedir' " (largest
| hd in system) regardless of OS in use at time.
|
| Seems at least three games I've tried don't care about actual OS once
| they've been installed into a folder. I'm also sure many more also would
| have no problems, Quake and most of it's variants using that grahics engine
| for example assuming OpenGl's working properly. You'll also find many
| programs also will have no problems, e.g. Paint Shop Pro 7 doesn't as again
| the developers wrote their code properly without having OS version specific
| anything in it and without installing anything outside it's own folder.
|
| Of course products like Office have to use two separate installs. MS places
| so much crap outside of the install folder and usually alter enough registry
| entries that it can't be helped.
|
| Current testing is from ...
|
| NFS:U was already installed under 98SE, under XP just created a shortcut and
| it runs with no complaints.
| FS 2004 was already installed under 98SE, same as NFS:U, e.g. runs under XP
| with no problems and no complaints
| Links 2003 installed under XP, under 98SE just created shortcut and it runs
| with no complaints.
|
| But all of them have had the "testing reversed", e.g. reversed OS installed
| under and the results (XP slower) is the same.
|
| Only thing that "happened" is when first run under the "other" OS, both
| Links and FS do the Licensing/Agree dialog. All three basically duplicated
| the registry entries found under the other OS after their first run (I
| checked).
|
| All three examples above run noticably faster and hence appear smoother
| under 98SE even at one notch of resolution higher.
|
| The only "problem" is where the game "Saves" can vary between OS's. I can
| live with it.
|
|
| "Chris H." <winxpnews@hotmail.com> wrote in message
| news:eMzCfDdCEHA.1544@TK2MSFTNGP09.phx.gbl...
| > Okay, now I'm hoping I'm not seeing a pattern here:  "installed under XP
| and
| > shortcuts created under 98SE"?  You're not dual-booting on the same
| > partition are you?  If you're using the same folder on a common partition
| > for program installation and playing the games on XP and Win98SE
| attempting
| > to use the same files - don't.  Just that simple.
| > -- 
| > Chris H.
| > Microsoft Windows MVP
| > Associate Expert
| > Expert Zone - www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/expertzone
| >
| > "pjp" <pjp_is_located_at_@_hotmail_._com> wrote in message
| > news:e4Ix6WZCEHA.2576@TK2MSFTNGP11.phx.gbl...
| > > Yea, I agree worth trying but not hopefull as it's apparent also in
| Links
| > > 2003 and Flight Sim 2004 (but not as much, slower game) which were
| > > installed
| > > under XP and shortcuts created under 98SE.
| > >
| > > "Anthony Procissi [MSFT]" <procissi@online.microsoft.com> wrote in
| message
| > > news:OY%23cidUCEHA.3344@tk2msftngp13.phx.gbl...
| > >> Preaching to the choir... :)
| > >>
| > >> Barebones services allocate half as much memory (maybe more), knock the
| > > base
| > >> CPU usage down a few percent, and cut running processes down at least a
| > >> third... less processes, less threads, less time the CPU has to spend
| on
| > >> context switching / paging... it must help to some degree; especially
| if
| > >> you're on hardware close to the minimum system requirements... but as
| you
| > >> say, the gain is likely to be negligible and the headache might cost
| you
| > > far
| > >> more than a hardware upgrade would.
| > >>
| > >> On the original topic... I'm not sure how Need For Speed actually
| > >> installs
| > >> itself, but... maybe reinstalling it on XP and seeing how it performs
| > > might
| > >> be worth a shot. The whole "install on 9x, copy a shortcut to XP and
| > > launch"
| > >> seems a little sketchy to me...
| > >>
| > >> -- 
| > >> -Anthony Procissi [MSFT]
| > >>  US-Application Experience & Compatibility
| > >>
| > >> This posting is provided "AS IS" with no warranties, and confers no
| > > rights.
| > >> "Chris H." <winxpnews@hotmail.com> wrote in message
| > >> news:eJwC4$TCEHA.624@TK2MSFTNGP10.phx.gbl...
| > >> > LOL!  That's good, except - just for my own curiosity - just how much
| > > does
| > >> > one gain from doing these things?  And who is around to ask question
| > > after
| > >> > question in the newsgroups in an attempt to solve an issue like when
| > >> > someone suddenly screams for help because can't install anything?
| They
| > >> > turned off Cryptographic Services because it was "recommended" and
| have
| > >> > forgotten or don't remember to turn it back on.
| > >> >
| > >> > To me, this is like people who over-clock hardware for what(?),
| rights
| > > to
| > >> > saying they're burning up their CPU, RAM or graphics card?  How does
| > >> > one
| > >> > really tell that much "||" difference in speed, compared to that "|
||"
| > >> > much in milliseconds?  And for what(?) to play online games where it
| is
| > >> > the speed of the Internet, not how fast the machine will perform
| > >> > certain
| > >> > functions?
| > >> >
| > >> > And I thought college basketball was the only March Madness.  8-)
| > >> > -- 
| > >> > Chris H.
| > >> > Microsoft Windows MVP
| > >> > Associate Expert
| > >> > Expert Zone - www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/expertzone
| > >> >
| > >> > "Anthony Procissi [MSFT]" <procissi@online.microsoft.com> wrote in
| > > message
| > >> > news:%23v%23ND5TCEHA.2304@TK2MSFTNGP09.phx.gbl...
| > >> >>I can't believe I'm going to dispute a statement made by the all
| > >> >>knowing
| > >> >>Jimmy S... I might as well go after Chris H! :)  However, the
| "Disable
| > >> >>All" button in MSConfig - Services will leave "Essential Services"
| > >> >>enabled.
| > >> >>
| > >> >> You could use the Disable All button, reboot and run XP.
| > >> >>
| > >> >> Please note: I have test machines for such things, and do not
| > >> >> recommend
| > >> >> trying this at home. I did so because if the Disable All button
| caused
| > >> >> Windows to no longer operate we would need to address that.
| > >> >>
| > >> >> Thanks,
| > >> >>
| > >> >> -- 
| > >> >> -Anthony Procissi [MSFT]
| > >> >> US-Application Experience & Compatibility
| > >> >>
| > >> >> This posting is provided "AS IS" with no warranties, and confers no
| > >> >> rights.
| > >> >> "Jimmy S." <Private> wrote in message
| > >> >> news:ePp0rfSCEHA.596@TK2MSFTNGP12.phx.gbl...
| > >> >>> Hi pjp,
| > >> >>>
| > >> >>> I echo Chris's caution.  You should upgrade to a P4 instead of
| > > tweaking.
| > >> >>> You found one good trick already though, (run high) here's some
| > > more...
| > >> >>>
| > >> >>> USE THE FOLLOWING INFO AT YOUR OWN RISK!
| > >> >>>
| > >> >>> I don't really want to provide a tweaking guide, however it's
| > >> >>> clear that there's a demand, so I'll share some tricks I've used
| > >> >>> as long as you promise to set a restore point right now. Is that
| > >> >>> a fair deal? ;-)  Here's how to use Windows XP System Restore:
| > >> >>>
| > >
| http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/pro/using/howto/gethelp/systemrestore.asp
| > >> >>>
| > >> >>>
| > >> >>> I use these methods only for special games such as grudge matches.
| > >> >>>
| > >> >>> A:  Setup Hardware Profile for Gaming
| > >> >>>    Control Panel / System
| > >> >>>        Hardware Tab / Hardware Profiles button
| > >> >>>            Copy Profile 1 and rename it Gaming Profile
| > >> >>>                Leave Profile 1 at the top of the list
| > >> >>>                    Set to Select the first profile in 5 seconds
| > >> >>>
| > >> >>> B:  Disable Services for Gaming.
| > >> >>>    Control Panel / Administrative Tools / Services
| > >> >>>        For each service listed below do the following:
| > >> >>>            Right Click / Properties / Log On Tab
| > >> >>>                Click on Gaming Profile / click Disable Button
| > >> >>>                    Click Apply but Do NOT disable for Profile 1
| > >> >>>
| > >> >>> List of Services:  Alerter / Automatic Updates / Computer Browser
| > >> >>> Cryptographic Services (Will cause "Logo" Errors when installing
| SP1
| > > or
| > >> >>> DX9)
| > >> >>> Fast User Switching Compatibility / Help and Support / Messenger
| > >> >>> Print Spooler / Remote Registry / Secondary Logon (Run as... will
| not
| > >> >>> function)
| > >> >>> System Restore Service / Task Scheduler / Terminal Services /
| Themes
| > >> >>> Upload Manager / VMWare Authorization Service (These services only
| > >> >>> appear if
| > >> >>> you use VM Ware) / VMWare DHCP Service  " " / VMWare NAT Service
| "
| > >> >>> "
| > >> >>> Windows Image Acquisition (I won't be scanning while playing) /
| > > Windows
| > >> >>> Time.
| > >> >>>
| > >> >>> * You cannot expect to install games and use windows everyday with
| > >> >>> the
| > >> >>> above
| > >> >>>    services disabled.  Those are just safe services to disable
| > >> >>> *WHILE*
| > >> >>> you're in
| > >> >>>    a game.  After the games are over, reboot and use the original
| > >> >>> Profile 1 again.
| > >> >>>
| > >> >>> C:  Disable Page File
| > >> >>>    Since I have 512 MB Ram I find it faster to use RAM than to page
| > >> >>> to
| > >> >>> the HD.
| > >> >>>        Control Panel / System / Advanced / Performance Settings /
| > >> >>> Advanced Tab
| > >> >>>            Virtual Memory Change / Select each drive / click No
| > >> >>> Paging
| > >> >>> file and
| > >> >>>                click SET.  ****If you do not click Set it will not
| > >> >>> accept your change.
| > >> >>>
| > >> >>> *  Once you're finished your games turn back on the System Managed
| > > page
| > >> >>> file!
| > >> >>>
| > >> >>> D:  Use XP's Firewall Instead of 3rd Party Firewalls
| > >> >>>    We've already disabled your firewall (Norton's, Zone Alarm,
| etc.)
| > > by
| > >> >>> disabling
| > >> >>>    Startup programs in step D.  Check your services using the
| method
| > > in
| > >> >>> step A to
| > >> >>>    see if the firewall or antivirus program has services you should
| > >> >>> disable, i.e. Zone
| > >> >>>    Alarm installs a True Vector service you can disable for the
| > >> >>> Gaming
| > >> >>> Profile.
| > >> >>>
| > >> >>> E:  Improve Framerates by Lowering Game Eyecandy and Sound
| > >> >>>    I found that by setting my resolution in Halo to 800x600, and
| > >> >>> lowering the
| > >> >>>    visual effects, I was able to improve my framerate from 24 to 52
| > > FPS!
| > >> >>> :-)
| > >> >>>    This is more improvement than any of the other tweaks provided.
| > >> >>>    Sound is something that you don't need.  Only keep sound
| settings
| > >> >>> that will
| > >> >>>    help keep you alive, for example to hear a tank rumbling near
| you.
| > >> >>> Music and
| > >> >>>    the sound effects made when you fire your weapons are expensive
| > >> >>> ear
| > >> >>> candy.
| > >> >>>
| > >> >>> F:  Set Performance Options for Best Performance
| > >> >>>    Control Panel / System / Advanced / Settings / Visual Effects
| > >> >>>        Adjust for best performance (remember to change it back
| after
| > >> >>> your games).
| > >> >>>
| > >> >>> G:  Disable Startup Programs
| > >> >>>    Start / Run / type msconfig / Startup Tab / Click Disable all
| > > button.
| > >> >>>    You will be prompted to restart, when it restarts you'll have 5
| > >> >>> seconds to pick
| > >> >>>    Gaming Profile or it will default to Profile 1 instead.
| > >> >>>
| > >> >>> WARNING - DO NOT CLICK THE SERVICES / DISABLE ALL BUTTON!
| > >> >>> *Never touch the Services Tab in msconfig! It allows you to disable
| > > ALL
| > >> >>> services
| > >> >>> for ALL profiles with the click of one button and Windows won't
| > >> >>> startu
| > > p
| > >> >>> again!!!
| > >> >>>
| > >> >>> Okay, so now I've shared some of the tweaks I've used on my own
| > > system.
| > >> >>> I
| > >> >>> hope this information will be helpful, and if used properly help
| you
| > > pwn
| > >> >>> your opps!
| > >> >>>
| > >> >>> -- 
| > >> >>> Cheers,                                 Windows XP MVP Shell / User
| > >> >>> Jimmy S.
| > > http://mvp.support.microsoft.com
| > >> >>>
| > >> >>> Game FAQs:
| http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=FH;[LN];gms
| > >> >>> Visit my Zone.com / Gaming Helpsite: http://nibblesnbits.tk or Call
| /
| > >> >>> Contact
| > >> >>> MS Support at:
| > >> >>> http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=sz;en-us;top
| > >> >>> My advice is donated "AS IS" without warranty;  nor do I confer any
| > >> >>> rights.
| > >> >>> _________________________________________________________
| > >> >>>
| > >> >>> "Chris H." <winxpnews@hotmail.com> wrote in message
| > >> >>> news:eZBPqzRCEHA.3348@TK2MSFTNGP11.phx.gbl...
| > >> >>> | Have you tried, instead of "tweaking" what you might think is
| > >> >>> necessary in
| > >> >>> | Services, to run the default?  Indexing, for instance, when
| turned
| > > off
| > >> >>> will
| > >> >>> | actually stop some games in their tracks.  It is there for a
| > > purpose,
| > >> >>> and
| > >> >>> | that is to make things run smoother and faster.  There are a
| couple
| > >> >>> web
| > >> >>> | sites and a PC magazine article which make recommendations to
| > >> >>> "speed
| > >> >>> up" XP
| > >> >>> | for gaming, but they don't tell the consequences - like turning
| off
| > >> >>> | Cryptographic Services.
| > >> >>> | -- 
| > >> >>> | Chris H.
| > >> >>> | Microsoft Windows MVP
| > >> >>> | Associate Expert
| > >> >>> | Expert Zone - www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/expertzone
| > >> >>> |
| > >> >>> | "pjp" <pjp_is_located_at_@_hotmail_._com> wrote in message
| > >> >>> | news:u3fQ0uRCEHA.3024@tk2msftngp13.phx.gbl...
| > >> >>> | > XP Pro with integrated sp1 plus all criticals from Update site
| > >> >>> applied.
| > >> >>> | > Latest VIA 4-in-1;s applied as first install after OS up and
| > > going.
| > >> >>> | > DirectX9.0b, passes all DXDiag tests and there's "No Problem
| ..."
| > >> >>> all
| > >> >>> | > around.
| > >> >>> | >
| > >> >>> | > Tyan Trinity 400 S1854 motherboard
| > >> >>> | > PIII at 733Mz (to spec)
| > >> >>> | > 512 megs ram running at 133mz fsb (to spec)
| > >> >>> | > Radeon 64 DDR VIVO (7200)
| > >> >>> | > Xpert98 (2nd display multi-monitor)
| > >> >>> | > two wd hd's, 15 & 40 gigs with plenty free space on each
| > >> >>> | > Creative SB-PCI128 sound card
| > >> >>> | >
| > >> >>> | > 2 Logitech Rumblepads
| > >> >>> | > 2 Logitch wheels (MOMO Force & Racing)
| > >> >>> | >
| > >> >>> | > Mustek flatbed scanner "Twain", (lpt port pass thru model)
| > >> >>> | > Creative Webcam (also appears as a Twain scanner)
| > >> >>> | > Fuji digital camera as webcam or Mass Storage Device
| > >> >>> | >
| > >> >>> | > 3 printers, 2 Epson inkjets and an old Canon laser
| > >> >>> | >
| > >> >>> | > Logitech mouse
| > >> >>> | > Wacom pressure sensitive tablet
| > >> >>> | >
| > >> >>> | > Ethernet card connected to four other older 98SE pc's in-house
| > >> >>> (TCP/IP and
| > >> >>> | > Netbuie as protocols, including XP)
| > >> >>> | > USR Robotics 56K external modem
| > >> >>> | >
| > >> >>> | > 2 self-powered external four port USB hubs for all the USB
| > > devices.
| > >> >>> Does
| > >> >>> | > provide 500Ma spec to every port simultaneously, e.g. no
| attached
| > >> >>> device
| > >> >>> | > shows any kind of  problem in use..
| > >> >>> | >
| > >> >>> | > The hardware seems stable an there was/is specific XP drivers
| for
| > > it
| > >> >>> all
| > >> >>> | > (I
| > >> >>> | > was surprised I found scanner driver). The ethernet is up and
| > >> >>> running with
| > >> >>> | > printers and folders being shared as expected from both sides.
| I
| > >> >>> even
| > >> >>> | > managed to get the Guest account to be able to use a proxy
| server
| > > on
| > >> >>> one
| > >> >>> | > of
| > >> >>> | > the other pc's to connect to the net after giving up in
| > > frustration
| > >> >>> at
| > >> >>> | > it's
| > >> >>> | > refusal to allow use of the dialup modem connection even though
| > > it's
| > >> >>> | > specified as "shared by all" by the "Admin" account that set it
| > >> >>> up
| > >> >>> (Users
| > >> >>> | > are ok and can use it). The only problem hardware wise is, I
| > >> >>> can't
| > >> >>> get the
| > >> >>> | > back speakers working off the sound card as there appears to be
| > > only
| > >> >>> XP's
| > >> >>> | > built-in support for the card.
| > >> >>> | >
| > >> >>> | > This is the one thing I've found really makes a difference for
| > > games
| > >> >>> is,
| > >> >>> | > use
| > >> >>> | > batch files to start the game so you can elevate it's priority,
| > > e.g.
| > >> >>> "cmd
| > >> >>> | > /c
| > >> >>> | > start /High LinksLauncher.exe" is noticably faster (as I'd
| > > expect).
| > >> >>> | >
| > >> >>> | > I feel the basic problem is background "tasks" as Performance
| > > under
| > >> >>> | > Ctrl-Alt-Del shows cpu bouncing from 2 to 13% continually (but
| > >> >>> randomly in
| > >> >>> | > magnitude). I've tried to determine exactly what all these
| > >> >>> various
| > >> >>> | > services
| > >> >>> | > do but when you try to research them it seems like the answer
| > >> >>> becomes a
| > >> >>> | > circular reference and it's never really explained. In
| > >> >>> particular,
| > >> >>> it's
| > >> >>> | > undetermined what's going on in the background regarding the
| > >> >>> ethernet.
| > >> >>> | > There
| > >> >>> | > seems to be a number of various services that might be doing
| some
| > >> >>> type of
| > >> >>> | > "polling" for shares or something but as they're not really
| > >> >>> documented I
| > >> >>> | > have no idea what one's I can turn off etc. at no risk to
| > > basically
| > >> >>> | > mucking
| > >> >>> | > up what works now (the Guest account can connect to web using a
| > >> >>> Proxy
| > >> >>> | > server
| > >> >>> | > running on one of the other pc's as it "refused" anything to do
| > > with
| > >> >>> the
| > >> >>> | > dialup miodem connection). Basically, I'm very wary of blindly
| > >> >>> changing
| > >> >>> | > things under any version of Windows because as often as not
| > >> >>> "un-changing"
| > >> >>> | > it
| > >> >>> | > doesn't bring the system back to what it was (e.g. unknown
| > >> >>> inadvertant
| > >> >>> | > consequences).
| > >> >>> | >
| > >> >>> | > For example, I have no idea what the "Alerter" service REALLY
| > > does,
| > >> >>> what
| > >> >>> | > "other features" absolutely require it to be running in order
| to
| > >> >>> function
| > >> >>> | > correctly nor what these "other services" also do. Ask help for
| > >> >>> "them" and
| > >> >>> | > you get another reference etc. which eventually seems to lead
| > >> >>> no-where
| > >> >>> | > usefull.
| > >> >>> | >
| > >> >>> | > I have turned off the obvious, e.g. disk performance monitoring
| > >> >>> service,
| > >> >>> | > indexing and the like.
| > >> >>> | >
| > >> >>> | > As usually MS's help isn't helpfull, just frustrating.
| > >> >>> | >
| > >> >>> | > "Chris Catt" <notknown@ntlworld.com> wrote in message
| > >> >>> | > news:uhM4JnPCEHA.712@tk2msftngp13.phx.gbl...
| > >> >>> | >> Hi, all depends upon your hardware specs, we really need to
| know
| > >> >>> your
| > >> >>> | >> hardware specs before we can give you advice. What we need are
| > >> >>> cpu -
| > >> >>> | >> type/speed. motherboard, ram - amount/type, video card. If you
| > > have
| > >> >>> any
| > >> >>> | >> problems finding this out then here
| > >> >>> | > http://www.aida32.hu/aida32-download.php
| > >> >>> | >> is a good tool to use. Suffice to say that XP hardware
| > > requirements
| > >> >>> are
| > >> >>> | > much
| > >> >>> | >> higher than those of win98, therefore if you've not much ram,
| > >> >>> say
| > >> >>> 128mbs,
| > >> >>> | > XP
| > >> >>> | >> will really need twice that before you get reasonable game
| > >> >>> performance. I
| > >> >>> | >> expect Jimmy S will have more to say on this, over to you
| Jimmy
| > > :-)
| > >> >>> | >> Chris C
| > >> >>> | >> Chris
| > >> >>> | >> "pjp" <pjp_is_located_at_@_hotmail_._com> wrote in message
| > >> >>> | >> news:OiF0SEHCEHA.2308@tk2msftngp13.phx.gbl...
| > >> >>> | >> > Just installed XP Pro as dual-boot with existing 98SE.
| > >> >>> | >> >
| > >> >>> | >> > Same game (NFS:U) running from same folder (e.g. just
| created
| > > new
| > >> >>> | > shortcut
| > >> >>> | >> > under XP) is basically unplayable under XP it's running so
| > >> >>> slow
| > >> >>> (slow
| > >> >>> | >> > motion) at 640x480 where-as under 98SE I can run it
| acceptably
| > > at
| > >> >>> | >> 1024x768.
| > >> >>> | >> > All other settings the same including under Properties
| DirectX
| > >> >>> | >> > settings.
| > >> >>> | >> > Links 2003 and Flight Sim 2004 seem the same but not so
| > >> >>> exaggerated,
| > >> >>> | >> > probably because they're not high speed "action" type games.
| > >> >>> | >> >
| > >> >>> | >> > Is this typical? I'm running same revision drivers for the
| > >> >>> Radeon, e.g.
| > >> >>> | >> Cat
| > >> >>> | >> > 4.3.
| > >> >>> | >> >
| > >> >>> | >> > I'm hoping it's all the crap running in the background so
| > >> >>> wondering if
| > >> >>> | >> > there's any site(s) document what all that crap actually
| does
| > > as
| > >> >>> MS's
| > >> >>> | > help
| > >> >>> | >> > doesn't even try to explain what they actually "do" in most
| > >> >>> cases.
| > >> >>> | >> >
| > >> >>> | >> >
| > >> >>> | >>
| > >> >>> | >>
| > >> >>> | >
| > >> >>> | >
| > >> >>> |
| > >> >>> |
| > >> >>>
| > >> >>>
| > >> >>
| > >> >>
| > >> >
| > >> >
| > >>
| > >>
| > >
| > >
| >
| >
|
|