Multi Parameter Search

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I'm working on a program where I have a decent sized database with
almost every single value able to be searched for (there would
actually be a need for it). To make this easier on myself I've coded
views so that they're all in one central location and I don't have to
fully navigate the db structure to search. What I'm trying to
determine is a good preferably dynamic way to code my searches.

I have a potential of lets say 20 columns and any number from 1 to 20
can be search at any time (not necessarily any order but I'd like to
plan ahead). I'm trying to avoid writing individual SQL strings or
even passing in string of column/value since this even has a potential
of breaking.

Essentially I would love to have an object that directly represents
the column name and the datatype for use with intellisense. Again I
can't code for every column since they can easily change.

How have people done this in the past/present?
.