Re: 70-294 next week
From: *FESWANY (alkholy2000_at_hotmail.com)
Date: 01/28/05
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Date: Fri, 28 Jan 2005 17:07:36 +0200
installed, some troubleshooting steps to take include the following:
Verify that the DNS service has started. By using the DNS administrative
tool, you can quickly determine the status of the DNS server.
Check the Event Viewer. Especially if you are having intermittent problems
with the DNS server or the service has stopped unexpectedly, you
can find more information in the Windows NT Event Log.
Verify that the DNS server is accessible to clients. A simple check for
network connectivity between clients and the DNS server can eliminate a
lot of potential problems. Browsing the network and connecting to clients
or using the PING command is the easiest way to do this. Note, however,
that if name resolution is not occurring properly, you may not be able to
connect to clients.
Verify operations with NSLOOKUP. The NSLOOKUP command provides
several very powerful options for testing recursion, WINS lookups,
and other features of Microsoft's DNS.
Verify the DNS configuration. If the DNS server is providing inaccurate
or outdated results, you may need to manually change the server settings
or
retire individual records. If outdated records are truly the problem, it
is
likely that users are able to get to many other machines (on the LAN or
the Internet) but cannot connect to one or more specific computers.
Additionally, if you're using implementations other than Microsoft DNS,
you should consult with the documentation that accompanies that product.
Although DNS is an Internet standard, various DNS server software
applications
function quite differently from one another.
Monitoring DNS Servers
It's always a good idea to know how your network services are performing
at any given moment. Monitoring performance allows you to adequately
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Troubleshooting DNS 105
determine the load on current servers, evaluate resource usage, and plan
for
any necessary upgrades. After you install the DNS service, you will be
able
to select the DNS object in the Windows 2000 System Monitor. This object
contains many different counters that are related to monitoring DNS server
performance and usage.
Using the System Monitor, you can generate statistics on the following
types of events:
AXFR requests (all-zone transfer requests)
IXFR requests (incremental zone transfer requests)
DNS server memory usage
Dynamic updates
DNS Notify events
Recursive queries
TCP and UDP statistics
WINS statistics
Zone transfer issues
All of this information can be analyzed easily using the Chart, Histogram,
or Report views of the System Monitor. Additionally, you can use the
Alerts
function to automatically notify you (or other systems administrators)
whenever certain performance statistic thresholds are exceeded. For
example,
if the total number of recursive queries is very high, you might want to
be notified so you can examine the situation. Finally, information from
Performance
logs and Alerts can be stored to a log data file.
The System Monitor application in Windows 2000 is an extremely powerful
and useful tool for managing and troubleshooting systems. You should
become familiar with its various functions to ensure that system services
are
operating properly. For more information on using Windows 2000 Performance
Monitor, see Chapter 9, "Active Directory Optimization and Reliability."
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106 Chapter 2 Integrating DNS with the Active Directory
Summary
In this chapter, we looked at a very powerful but complicated prerequisite
to installing the Active Directory. DNS was designed to be a robust,
scalable, and high-performance system for resolving friendly names to TCP/
IP host addresses. We started by taking an overview of the basics of DNS
and
how DNS names are generated. We then looked at the many features available
in Microsoft's version of DNS and focused on how to install, configure,
and manage the necessary services.
Understanding DNS is extremely important for using the Active Directory,
so if you aren't yet comfortable with the concepts described in this
chapter, be sure to review them before going on.
Key Terms
Following are some of the key terms related to DNS that you should
understand
before taking the exam:
Caching-only DNS servers
DHCP
DNS namespace
forward lookup zones
forwarding
iteration
master DNS servers
parent and child domains
primary DNS server
recursion
resource record (RR)
reverse lookup zone
root domain
secondary DNS server
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Summary 107
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
WINS
zone
zone transfer
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108 Chapter 2 Integrating DNS with the Active Directory
Review Questions
1. Which of the following tools can be used to troubleshoot DNS
problems?
A. IPCONFIG
B. NSLOOKUP
C. PING
D. All of the above
2. Which of the following domain names does not share a contiguous
namespace with the others?
A. sales.mycompany.com
B. marketing.mycompany.com
C. workstation1.organization.com
D. workstation1.mycompany.com
E. All of the above are in the same namespace
3. The failure of which of the following commands indicates a possible
DNS misconfiguration?
A. PING 127.0.0.1
B. PING localhost
C. PING server1.mycompany.com
D. None of the above
4. Which of the following is used to automatically assign TCP/IP
information
to clients?
A. WINS
B. DNS
C. DHCP
D. RRAS
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Review Questions 109
5. When a secondary server requests an update from a master server, the
transmission of information is known as a:
A. Zone transfer
B. Forwarding
C. Recursion
D. Iteration
6. Which of the following methods can be used to inform secondary DNS
servers that changes have occurred in the master DNS database?
A. Zone transfer
B. Forwarding
C. Recursion
D. Iteration
E. DNS Notify
7. Clients are ultimately responsible for resolving TCP/IP addresses in
the process known as:
A. Recursion
B. Iteration
C. Zone transfers
D. Dynamic DNS updates
8. In the process of recursion, which machine is ultimately responsible
for resolving TCP/IP addresses?
A. The DNS Server
B. The client
C. Both A and B
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110 Chapter 2 Integrating DNS with the Active Directory
9. Which of the following is not a valid type of resource record (RR)?
A. SRV
B. PTR
C. A
D. MX
E. PDC
10. When using which of the following types of clients is the DHCP server
responsible for dynamically updating the DNS database?
A. Windows 95
B. Windows 98
C. Windows NT 4
D. Windows 2000
E. All of the above
11. Which of the following types of DNS servers do not serve as an
authority over any DNS zone and is used strictly for performance
reasons?
A. Master server
B. Caching-only server
C. Primary server
D. Secondary server
12. The process through which authority for a portion of a DNS zone is
assigned to another DNS server is known as:
A. Zone transfer
B. Forwarding
C. Delegation
D. Promotion
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Review Questions 111
13. Which of the following types of resource records (RRs) is relied upon
by the Active Directory to find domain controllers?
A. SRV
B. PTR
C. A
D. MX
E. None of the above
14. Which of the following tools can be used to monitor the DNS server?
A. Event Viewer
B. System Monitor
C. DNS administrative tool
D. All of the above
15. Which of the following represents the host name portion of the
address server1.asia.mycompany.com?
A. asia.mycompany.com
B. .com
C. server1
D. server1.asia.mycompany
16. The process through which one or more DNS servers use a specified
DNS server for all recursive lookups is known as:
A. Recursion
B. Iteration
C. DNS Notify
D. Forwarding
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112 Chapter 2 Integrating DNS with the Active Directory
17. Which of the following resource records (RRs) indicates the domain(s)
for which a DNS server is an authority?
A. SRV
B. PTR
C. SOA
D. MX
18. Which of the following name resolution methods is provided primarily
for backwards compatibility with previous versions of Windows?
A. DNS
B. DHCP
C. WINS
D. IPX/SPX
19. Which of the following accurately describes which servers must be
running the DNS service?
A. All domain controllers
B. At least one server in the environment
C. At least one domain controller per Active Directory site
D. None of the above
20. Which of the following types of DNS servers provides for fault
tolerance?
A. Caching-only server
B. Secondary server
C. Primary server
D. Master server
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Answers to Review Questions 113
Answers to Review Questions
1. D. All of the tools listed here are helpful for resolving TCP/IP
connectivity
and name resolution issues.
2. C. The organization.com namespace is not part of the mycompany
.com namespace.
3. C. If DNS is not configured properly, resolving the name of a server
will fail. Option A uses an IP address (which is not dependent on
DNS), and option B uses a special alias for the localhost.
4. C. The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) automatically
assigns TCP/IP address information to clients.
5. A. Zone transfers are the process by which information is transmitted
between master and secondary DNS servers.
6. E. DNS Notify can be used with compatible DNS servers to inform
them of changes to the DNS master database. If changes have
occurred, the secondary servers can then request a zone transfer.
7. B. In the process of iteration, a DNS server will return its best guess
about a domain name, but the client will be responsible for ultimately
resolving the name.
8. A. In recursion, the client instructs its DNS server to continue
querying
other DNS servers until the DNS server that first received the
recursive query can return a response to the client.
9. E. All of the other options are standard DNS RRs.
10. D. When using Windows 2000, the client can be responsible for sending
dynamic updates to DNS. The legacy clients do not have DNS
update capability so the updates are handled with W2K DHCP.
11. B. All of the other server types contain information about specific
DNS zones.
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114 Chapter 2 Integrating DNS with the Active Directory
12. C. Delegation is used to break zones apart into smaller units for
performance
or manageability.
13. A. SRV records are used by the Active Directory and client computers
to find domain controllers for a specific domain.
14. D. All of the above can be used to view performance or operational
information about the DNS service.
15. C. The host name is always the leftmost portion of a DNS name.
16. D. Forwarding can be used to route all recursive DNS requests
through specific DNS servers. This is often used to reduce network
traffic across slow links.
17. C. The Start of Authority (SOA) record indicates that a server is
considered
an authority for a specific domain.
18. C. Windows 2000's support for WINS is primarily included for backwards
compatibility.
19. D. Although DNS is required for the proper operation of the Active
Directory, DNS is not required on all domain controllers. While DNS
is required to locate a DC it does not have to be running on a W2K
server.
20. B. Secondary DNS servers contain copies of the zone database and can
be used to perform name resolution should the primary server become
unavailable
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